Lone Working
The way we work is changing rapidly. Companies and businesses are evolving, and employees can now choose different ways of working, such as hybrid work, remote work or lone working. Lone working has traditionally always existed but with businesses turning global with a local twist, there’s a need to revaluate lone working.
In this guide for employers, we explain lone working, who is considered a lone worker, the risks involved with lone working, and your responsibilities as an employer. Please note that the information below is general and not intended to act as advice. If you need health and safety guidance, consult a professional.
Lone working
Lone working is when someone is working by themselves and/or work in the community with limited support arrangements, therefore exposing them to risks by being isolated. Whether they work alone regularly or only occasionally alone and do not have access to immediate support from managers or colleagues, they are considered lone workers.
If an employee cannot be heard or seen by their colleagues or supervisor, they are considered to be working alone.
Examples of lone working
Remote, isolated, or lone workers include:
All-night convenience store and service station attendants.
Sales representatives, including real estate agents.
Long-distance freight transport drivers.
Agricultural workers, scientists, park rangers and others doing field work alone.
Health and community workers working with members of the public but isolated from their colleagues.
Emergency services.
Horticultural workers.
Parking attendants.
Some lone workers are at a fixed workplace but isolated, or in a maintenance role that takes them all over the worksite. “On call workers” who work overtime, outside normal hours or who open and close work premises, can also be lone workers.
Lone working legislation
If you are a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU), you must manage health and safety risks to your workers, so far as is reasonably practicable. This includes when they are working remotely or in isolation.
The model WHS Regulations (regulation 48) specifically addresses remote and isolated work. This includes the requirement for PCBUs to:
Manage the health and safety risks to remote and isolated workers.
Have systems in place to effectively communicate with workers.
As a PCBU, you must, so far as is reasonably practicable:
Provide and maintain a work environment that is without risk to health and safety.
Provide adequate and accessible facilities for the welfare of the workers.
Monitor workers’ health and safety and workplace conditions to prevent work-related illness and injury.
Give workers the necessary information, instruction, training, and supervision to do their job without risks to health and safety.
Consult with workers, health and safety representatives (HSRs) if you have them, about health and safety issues that may directly affect them.
Lone workers’ WHS duties
Workers including employees, contractors, subcontractors, labour hire employees, outworkers, apprentices or volunteers have a duty to:
Take reasonable care for their own health and safety while at work.
Take reasonable care to not affect others’ health and safety.
Comply with reasonable instructions.
Cooperate with reasonable policies and procedures.
Hazards of lone working
Lone working, remote or isolated work can involve both physical and psychosocial hazards with the risks exacerbated by poor access to emergency assistance. Remote or isolated workers may also be seen as ‘easy targets’ for violence.
Lone workers are at higher risk than others because of the nature and location of their work. They risk violent attack, whether from a thief when opening or closing work premises, or because they work in an area of social deprivation or with vulnerable people. Some lone workers risk being in serious road accidents or injuring themselves because of previously unknown poor health.
Other implications for lone workers include:
Unfamiliarity with the risks of a remote worksite.
The possibility of adopting unsafe practices because they have no supervision.
Manually handle tools and equipment between vehicle and workplace or during deliveries
Fatigue.
Cannot get help or advice in case of sudden illness, accident or another emergency.
Managing the risks of lone working
The risk management process involves identifying hazards, assessing the associated risks, implementing the control measures to eliminate or minimise risks, and regularly reviewing control measures to ensure they remain effective.
As a business owner, you have to be proactive in identifying risks associated with lone working as it may take longer to implement safeguards in those locations. The first step in identifying hazards is to undertake a risk assessment.
When looking at risks of lone working, consider:
How long the person might work alone for.
The time of day when a person may be working alone.
What communication tools are available.
The location of the work and access to emergency services.
The nature of the work.
The worker’s skill and capabilities.
The risk to mental health.
Support the worker may need for their tasks.
Controlling the risks of lone working
You can control the risks around lone working or remote and isolated working:
Ensure workers can access clean, safe, and accessible facilities that are in good working order (toilets, places to eat and store things, first aid kits, drinking water etc).
Maintain equipment and furniture regularly.
Clean workplaces and facilities regularly, taking into account the shift work or type of work, the likelihood of contamination, and how many workers use them.
Provide training, support, and supervision, including what to do in an emergency.
Restock soap, toilet paper, consumables regularly.
Repair any broken equipment, furniture and fittings.
Psychosocial hazards and Lone Working
Remote and isolated work can increase the likelihood of workers being exposed to psychosocial hazards. The effects of these hazards can be significant if a worker can’t access support or assistance.
Some psychosocial hazards include:
Lack of support - they can’t ask questions easily or get immediate feedback from supervisors.
Workplace violence - Security guards or retail workers working alone at night face the risk of workplace violence
Workplace sexual harassment - Risks of harassment from customers and clients towards workers
High job demands - Lone workers have no one to share their workload with or divide tasks
Low role clarity - Workers can’t discuss and clarify tasks and sometimes have to manage everything by themselves.
Psychosocial hazards are equally serious as physical hazards, and they should be handled carefully. Lone workers should have your support, and they should know who to reach out during times of duress.
Reducing risks of lone working
According to a survey, safety training is a most desirable form of support for lone workers. Mental health comes in a close second, indicating that lone workers are more vulnerable and struggling to cope with their roles. These statistics are indicative of the training and support your lone workers are seeking.
As an employer you have few ways to reduce the risks to your lone worker:
Train them fully in the risks of their type of lone working.
Set up a system of routine communication with them.
Provide good supervision.
Identify potentially violent situations and use control measures that could reduce or stop lone working.
Provide effective emergency procedures.
Set up physical barriers to protect them from violence.
Offer multiple ways of reaching out (phone, email, text, etc) so they know you are present for them.
Create safe workplaces with Peninsula
Lone working is a risky and high intensity form of working. For many small businesses in Australia, remote or isolated work is often the norm. However, some business owners and employers don’t realise the responsibilities that come with overseeing and employing remote or isolated workers. With specialised support services tailored to your industry and business, Peninsula can help you manage your lone workers efficiently. Our targeted materials, training, and resources ensure your lone workers feel supported, safe, and motivated. Call our free advice line today to learn more about lone working.